Palavras-chave
Comer intuitivo
Comer com atenção plena
Preconceito de peso
Como Citar
Resumo
Introdução: As facetas do estigma, ou seja, a experiência, a internalização, a consciência do estigma e a antecipação, podem mudar os comportamentos alimentares adaptativos, como a alimentação intuitiva e a alimentação consciente. Objetivo: Verificar se as facetas do estigma, comportamentos alimentares adaptativos, índice de massa corporal e percepção do peso corporal são diferentes conforme o sexo; verificar a relação entre as facetas do estigma e os comportamentos alimentares adaptativos com o índice de massa corporal e a percepção do peso corporal; identificar fatores que explicam os comportamentos alimentares adaptativos. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional, preditivo, transversal. Participaram 782 estudantes universitários com idades entre 18 e 25 anos, matriculados no período 2023-2024. Foi aplicado um levantamento com diversos questionários e realizadas medidas antropométricas. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Aprovação do Comitê de Ética nº 19-CEI-004-20180614. Resultados: 67,6% dos participantes do sexo feminino. Encontraram-se diferenças significativas entre consciência do estigma, estigma antecipado, alimentação consciente e percepção do peso corporal de acordo com o sexo. A correlação entre facetas do estigma e comportamentos alimentares adaptativos foi encontrada. Estigma experimentado, internalizado, antecipado e percepção do peso corporal explicam a alimentação intuitiva R2 = 0,122, p< 0,001. Estigma internalizado, antecipado e sexo explicam alimentação consciente R2 = 0,143, p< 0,001. Conclusões: As facetas do estigma, comportamentos alimentares adaptativos e percepção do peso corporal são diferentes conforme o sexo, estão relacionados e explicam os comportamentos alimentares adaptativos. Intervenções são recomendadas para diminuir o estigma do peso, promover a percepção adequada do peso corporal e comportamentos alimentares adaptativos.
Referências
Sánchez-Carracedo D. Obesity stigma and its impact on health: A narrative review. Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición [Internet]. 2022 [citado 29 ago 2024];69(10):868-877. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.007
Puhl MR, Lessard LM, Himmelstein MS, Foster GD. The roles of experienced and internalized weight stigma in healthcare experiences: Perspectives of adults engaged in weight management across six countries. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 [citado 18 ene 2024];16(6):e0251566. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251566
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Discriminación en México [Internet]. México: INEGI; 2024 [citado 29 ago 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.inegi.org.mx/tablerosestadisticos/discriminacion/
Rubino F, Puhl RM, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Ryan DH, Mechanick JI, et al. Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity. Nat Med [Internet]. 2020 [citado 20 ago 2024];26(4):485-497. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0803-x
Levinson JA, Kinkel-Ram S, Myers B, Hunger JM. A systematic review of weight stigma and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. Body Image [Internet]. 2024 [citado 02 mar 2024];48:101678. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101678
Lee KM, Hunger JM, Tomiyama AJ. Weight stigma and health behaviors: evidence from the Eating in America Study. Int J Obes [Internet]. 2021 [citado 08 abr 2024];45(7):1499-1509. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00814-5
Reinka MA, Quinn DM, Puhl RM. Examining the relationship between weight controllability beliefs and eating behaviors: The role of internalized weight stigma and BMI. Appetite [Internet]. 2021 [citado 20 abr 2024];164:105257. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105257
Keirns NG, Keirns BH, Tsotsoros CE, Sciarrillo CM, Emerson SR, Hawkins MA. Associations between internalized weight stigma and visceral adipose tissue status are observed in women but not men. Stigma Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 31 mar 2024];7(2):161-168. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000381
Lin CY, Latner JD, Rozzell-Voss K, Huang PC, Tsai YC, Pakpour AH, et al. Association of quality of life with internet use and weight stigma across individuals with obesity and those without obesity: Role of self-perception. Acta Psychol [Internet]. 2024 [citado 24 abr 2024];244:104203. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104203
Jackson A, Sano Y, Parker L, Cox AE, Lanigan J. Intuitive eating and dietary intake. Eat Behav [Internet]. 2022 [citado 24 abr 2024];45:101606. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101606
Ayylldlz F, Akbulut G, Karaçil EM, Acar TN. Emotional and intuitive eating: an emerging approach to eating behaviours related to obesity. J Nutr Sci [Internet]. 2023 [citado 22 abr 2024];12:1-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2023.11
Yoon CY, Hazzard VM, Emery RL, Mason SM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Everyday discrimination as a predictor of maladaptive and adaptive eating: Findings from EAT 2018. Appetite [Internet]. 2022 [citado 13 mar 2023];170:105878. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105878
Basinger ED, Cameron SJ, Allen G. Stigma, self-care, and intuitive eating in black americans with type 2 diabetes. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities [Internet]. 2024 [citado 30 ago 2024];11: 3162-3171. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01772-6
Romano KA, Heron KE. Daily weight stigma experiences, and disordered and intuitive eating behaviors among young adults with body dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders [Internet]. 2023 [citado 14 mar 2024];56(3):538-550. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23859
Braun TD, Unick JL, Abrantes AM, Dalrymple K, Conboy LA, Schifano E, et al. Intuitive eating buffers the link between internalized weight stigma and body mass index in stressed adults. Appetite [Internet]. 2022 [citado 18 mar 2024];169:105810 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105810
Braun TD, Riley KE, Kunicki ZJ, Finkelstein-Fox L, Conboy LA, Park CL, et al. Internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating among stressed adults during a mindful yoga intervention: associations with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion. Health Psychol Behav Med [Internet]. 2021 [citado 07 oct 2023];9(1):933-950. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2021.1992282
Murray K, Rieger E, Brown PM, Brichacek A, Walker I. Body image explains differences in intuitive eating between men and women: Examining indirect effects across negative and positive body image. Body Image [Internet]. 2023 [citado 14 nov 2023];45:369-381. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.018
Ruzanska UA, Warschburger P. Intuitive eating mediates the relationship between self-regulation and BMI - Results from a cross-sectional study in a community sample. Eat Behav [Internet]. 2019 [citado 04 feb 2024];33:23-29. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.02.004
Grider HS, Douglas SM, Raynor HA. The Influence of Mindful Eating and/or Intuitive Eating Approaches on Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2021 [citado 25 ago 2024];121(4):709-727. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.10.019
Eaton M, Probst Y, Foster T, Messore J, Robinson L. A systematic review of observational studies exploring the relationship between health and non-weight-centric eating behaviours. Appetite [Internet]. 2024 [citado 24 abr 2024];199(1):107361. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361
Ortiz MS, Gómez-Pérez, D. Psychometric properties of a brief Spanish version of Stigmatizing Situations Inventory. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios [Internet]. 2019 [citado 17 oct 2024];10(1):1-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2019.1.538
Andrés A, Fornieles-Deu A, Sepúlveda AR, Beltrán-Garrayo L, Montcada-Ribera A, Bach-Faig A, et al. Spanish validation of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) for adolescents. Eating and Weight Disorders [Internet]. 2022 [citado 17 oct 2024];27(8):3245-3256. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-022-01453-z
Magallares A, De Valle PB, Irles A, Recio P, Jáuregui-Lobera I. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the weight self-stigma questionnaire (S-WSSQ) in a sample of participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment. Eating and Weight Disorders [Internet]. 2022 [citado 06 abr 2024];27:3685-3693. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-022-01511-6
Strizzi J, Fernández-Agis I, Parrón-Carreño T, Alarcón-Rodríguez R. Enacted sexual stigma, stigma consciousness, and subjective happiness scale adaptation: A two-country study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence [Internet]. 2016 [citado 17 oct 2024];31(2):316-338. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514555372
Flores-Quijano ME, Mota-González C, Rozada G, León-Rico JC, Gómez-López ME, Vega-Sánchez R. The intuitive eating scale-2 adapted for Mexican pregnant women: Psychometric properties and influence of sociodemographic variables. Nutrients [Internet]. 2023 [citado 17 oct 2024];15(22):4837. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224837
Olvera-Ruvalcaba AJ, Gómez-Peresmitré G, Velasco-Rojano, E. Construcción y validación de una escala de alimentación con atención plena: una primera aproximación en población mexicana. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios [Internet]. 2019 [citado 17 oct 2024];10(2):162-172. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2019.2.547
Kanellakis S, Sidiropoulou S, Apostolidou E, Skoufas E, Bountouvi E, Prelorentzou T, et al. Association of dietary intake underreporting with body image perception. Clinical Nutrition Open Science [Internet]. 2021 [citado 20 ago 2024];40:30-37. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2021.09.002
Duan W, Wang Z. Mindfulness capability mediates the association between weight-based stigma and negative emotion symptoms. Mindfulness [Internet]. 2019 [citado 13 ago 2024];10(6):1074-1081. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1039-4
Lee MK, Wang C, Du H, Hunger J, Tomiyama AJ. Weight stigma as a stressor: A preliminary multi-wave, longitudinal study testing the biobehavioral pathways of the cyclic obesity/weight-based stigma (COBWEBS) model. Appetite [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26 mar 2024];201:107573. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107573
Chew QH, Chia FL, Ng WK, Lee WC, Tan PL, Wong CS, et al. Perceived stress, stigma, traumatic stress levels and coping responses amongst residents in training across multiple specialties during covid-19 pandemic longitudinal study. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [citado 20 ago 2024];17(18):1-13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186572
Cordero ED. Weight-problem perception, depression, and emotional eating among Latinas in the U.S. Eat Behav [Internet]. 2021 [citado 21 mar 2024];41:101494. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101494
Madalosso MM, Schaan B, Cureau FV. Association between body weight perception and quality of diet in brazilian adolescents. Revista Paulista de Pediatria [Internet]. 2020 [citado 22 abr 2024];38:e2020057. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020057
Jacob JS, Panwar N. Effect of age and gender on dietary patterns, mindful eating, body image and confidence. BMC Psychol [Internet]. 2023 [citado 19 jun 2024];11(1):1-13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01290-4
Feng X, Wilson A. Association between community average body mass index and perception of overweight. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 2022 [citado 13 ago 2024];294:114694. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114694
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025