Keywords
Prehypertension
Blood pressure
Prevention of disease
Child
Adolescent
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood is the ideal time to apply primary measures against arterial hypertension. In this stage it is vital to maintain blood pressure in a normal range to contribute to a healthier young adulthood. Nursing plays an important role in this activity. Objective: To synthesize the main evidence-based recommendations on identification, detection and prevention of hypertension in children and adolescents, as indicated by international health agencies at the primary care level. Methodology: Systematic scoping reviews of clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies not older than 5 years were used, in Spanish and English, with searches in PubMed, TRIP, and Epistemonikos databases. A total of 106 studies were found using the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT; of these, only 10 complied with the methodological quality of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Clinical Practice Guideline Evaluation instruments. A qualitative analysis of the main recommendations according to the level of evidence was used. Results: The main recommendations were to identify risk factors for hypertension, measure blood pressure at least once a year after the age of 3 years, reduce childhood obesity, have an optimal low-sodium diet, eliminate barriers and improve the intention for physical activity and healthy sleep during childhood. Conclusions: The new recommendations for the prevention of childhood hypertension are aimed at making nurses more efficient in identifying risk factors for hypertension, monitoring weight and blood pressure values, and promoting healthy lifestyles such as nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and non-pharmacological strategies.
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